- Parliamentary Democracy and Federal Structure: India follows a parliamentary system of government at both the Union and State levels, where the executive is responsible to the legislature. While it has a federal structure with a clear division of powers (via the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists), it also has a strong unitary bias, making it a “quasi-federal” system.
- Separation of Powers & Independent Judiciary: The polity is based on a separation of powers among the Legislature (Parliament), the Executive (Council of Ministers), and the Judiciary (Supreme Court, High Courts). The judiciary is independent and has the power of judicial review, acting as the guardian of the Constitution and the fundamental rights of citizens.
- Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles: The Constitution guarantees justiciable Fundamental Rights to all citizens (like Right to Equality, Freedom of Speech), ensuring individual liberty. These are balanced with non-justiciable Directive Principles of State Policy, which guide the government in establishing a social and economic democracy and creating a welfare state.
There are no reviews yet.