Name: Indian National Movement
SKU: 5519
Availability: InStock

Indian National Movement

In stock

The Indian National Movement was a prolonged and mass-based struggle for independence from British colonial rule, spanning from the mid-19th century to 1947. It evolved from initial localized uprisings into a organized, nationwide campaign, characterized by a unique blend of moderate constitutional methods, radical revolutionary action, and the iconic mass civil disobedience and non-violence led by Mahatma Gandhi. This diverse movement was fueled by the rise of Indian nationalism, which sought not only political freedom but also social reform and economic self-reliance.

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Three Distinct Phases: The movement progressed through three broad phases. The Moderate Phase (1885-1905) involved petitions and constitutional dialogue. The Extremist Phase (1905-1918) saw the rise of leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak who advocated for Swaraj (self-rule). The Gandhian Era (1919-1947) mobilized the masses through non-violent non-cooperation, civil disobedience, and the Quit India Movement.
Diverse Ideologies and Methods: It was not a monolithic movement but a spectrum of ideologies. It included the non-violent Satyagrahis of the Indian National Congress, the armed revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, the constitutionalists, and also separate political movements like the Muslim League, which contributed to the complex political landscape leading to Partition.
Beyond Political Freedom: The movement was not solely about ending British rule; it was also a platform for major social and economic debates. It addressed issues of caste discrimination, women’s rights, peasant and worker welfare, and aimed to forge a unified national identity from a deeply diverse population, laying the groundwork for modern India’s democratic and secular polity.